Essay on The Mytilene Debate and Athenian Debate - 1606 Words

The book written by Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War, contains two controversial debates between distinguished speakers of Athens. The two corresponding sides produce convincing arguments which can be taken as if produced as an honest opinion or out of self-interest. The two debates must be analyzed separately in order to conclude which one and which side was speaking out of honest opinion or self-interest, as well as which speakers are similar to each other in their approach to the situation. In the Mytilene Debate the two speakers are Creon, presenting the side in favor of killing the people, and Diodotus, on the opposing side. The two speakers present their opinions on the best way to deal with the Mytilenean people†¦show more content†¦Diodotus takes the opposing side of Cleon, preferring not to kill the Mytileans. He does believes that the killing of the Mytileans will not instill fear in other cities and will have no effect on any future revolt. On the contrary he thinks that by yielding to Cleon=s proposal that the other cities will Anot only make much more careful preparations for revolt, but will also hold out against siege to the very end, since to surrender early or late means just the same thing.@(p.221, 46) He also believes that by taking Cleon=s side the Athenians will be making a mistake so they should Anot come to the wrong conlclusions through having too much confidence in the effectiveness of capital punishment, and must not make the conditions of rebels@(p. 221, 46) Diodotus does think that the Mytileans do deserve punishment for what they have done, but he does not think that killing is the proper punishment and that is should not be the answer. This makes since only because if the Athenians were to kill off every single city that wronged them they would eventually run out of cities to terminate and be leftShow MoreRelatedThucydides Accounts of the Degradation of Athenian Honor1065 Words   |  4 Pages Thucydides account of the Peloponnesian war served as a window into Athenian societal culture. Carrying the reader from Pericles moving speech to the assembly, through Cleon and Diodotus oratory battle over the fate of Mytilene, and finally to the Athenian proposal to the Melians, Thucydides detailed the transformation of Athens from a state based on justice and freedom to a empire with a corrupted soul. This corruption did not occur over night, but was the result of increasing tyrannical behaviorRead MoreEssay Moralit y And Power930 Words   |  4 Pagesnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Thucydides’ written history of the Mytilenian Debate and the Melian Dialogue reflects the reality of a period where morality is dependent on the exercise of power and those who possess it. The main theme running through the course of these two debates is that those with the power to act as they wish inherently have the power to dictate morality. The arguments that decide the fate of the Mytilene are made not strictly on the basis of morality but on how their power allowsRead MoreThe Tragedy Hecuba Which Was Written By Euripides Essay1491 Words   |  6 Pagesof the Peloponnesian and Archidamian War which was fought between Athens and Sparta. Euripides was an Athenian who was born around 485BC on the island of Salamis which is off the coast of Piraeus. 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Pericles ascended to power at the empire’s height and was, according to Thucydides, the city’s most capable politician, a man who understood fully the nature of his city and its political institutions and used his understanding to further its interests in tandem with his own. After Pericles, however, Thucydides notes a drastic decline in the quality of Athenian leaders, culminating in Alcibiades,Read MoreJustice, Power, A nd Human Nature By Thucydides And The Republic By Plato1142 Words   |  5 Pagesjustice. As the empire grew in size and stature, the ugly side of human nature was expelled onto the rest of Greece. Cleon, an Athenian general in the Peloponnesian War, was described by Thucydides as â€Å"the most violent man in Athens.† He was advocating for the enslavement of the women and children as well as the slaughter of all the men of Mytilene during the Mytilenian Debate. Losing empathy and compassion creates a world of chaos and injustice. The prime instance of Athens’ tyranny was their interactionRead MoreRational Appeasement15291 Words   |  62 Pagesrationalizes selective appeasement, I hope to suggest the need for reconsideration+ Two Traditions Distrust of appeasement dates at least to the Peloponnesian War+ In the Athenian view, leniency toward hostile or even neutral city-states risked eroding the city’s reputation for toughness, thus undermining its empire+ As the Athenian envoys told the people of Melos: â€Å"if we were on friendly terms with you, our subjects would regard that as a sign of weakness in us, whereas your hatred is evidence of our

Women s Unequal Portrayal, And The Struggle For Identity...

In this essay I will examine the ideas behind women’s unequal portrayal, and the struggle for identity of female writers. Before recently, most published writers were male, so representation was obviously one-sided. Literacy in the ancient worlds was limited anyway, and few that could write were female. Oral culture is undervalued, though, because folktales were predominantly passed down by women. Religion played a huge part in early misrepresentation. Plato laid the philosophical foundations for inequality, which were then adopted by Christian and Jewish thinkers that followed him, hugely affecting Western literature. Plato’s Timaeus describes male bodies implanted with souls and given volition, sensation, and emotion . But after death, a man who mastered his emotions and developed intellectually would be reborn, blessed, as a male, while a man who hadn’t mastered his emotional tendencies was considered incapable of reason and reborn as a female . In addition to this amusing view, he placed the creation of women and animals on the same level , and in Politics, Aristotle agrees that â€Å"the male is by nature superior†¦the female inferior† . Despite Mother-figures featuring highly in Judaism, and the Old Testament’s examples of powerful females (Jezebel, Deborah), Jewish tradition still generally placed women below men. As Ben Sirach reminded us in the Apocrypha, â€Å"from the garment issueth the moth // And from a woman a woman’s wickedness.† The Judeo-Christian creation myth,Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Kashmira Sheth s Keeping Corner, Mira And Pemala1651 Words   |  7 Pagesgirls and society. Transfiguration of Girls from Victims to Rescuers After a period of aggressive deficiencies which can break certain girls mentally we can see that girls succeed in breaking the constrains binding them and developing independent identities. Once they have succeeded in the quest and found their true selves, they are at peace with themselves and with the world. They become people who have their own aims in life, making their own choices, with a sense of responsibility. They become liberatedRead MoreRelationship Between Men and Women: Jane Eyre and The Handmaids Tale1775 Words   |  8 Pages Charlotte Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Jane Eyre entails a social criticism of the oppressive social ideas and practices of nineteenth-century Victorian society. The presentation of male and female relationships emphases men’s domination and perceived superiority over women. Jane Eyre is a reflection of Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s own observation on gender roles of the Victorian era, from the vantage point of her position as governess much like Jane’s. 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Mom and Pop Shops free essay sample

Professor James Meeze January 19, 2013 Based on my research paper and reading the information, I am going to choose how Wal-Mart is taking down mom-and-pop shops and destroying them by leaving downtown barren and empty. I am going to prove it does have some effect on small business, but also it has to do with our economy. I plan on the information and graphs I found by researching my information about how the big companies do take over some small business. I will provide a power point presentation in my research paper to also show you more information about my research paper. There is no question that Wal-Mart does cause some mom-and-pop shops to fail. However, those failures are entirely compensated for by the entry of other new small business. I am also going to prove that it’s fifty fifty. Large Corporation sometimes destroy some mom-and-pop shops. Also I have facts they don’t destroy all the small business. We will write a custom essay sample on Mom and Pop Shops or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The article states shopping center have developers to lesson mom-and-pop shops in new centers in U. S. Regency. It has reduced the amount of small shop space and including new development. It also states that the regency is having a harder time filling empty spaces with new mom-and-pop tenants and franchises than in the past. As stated in a recent article from the Neighborhood Retail Alliance, because when Wal-Mart enters a town undeniable harm happens to small and medium sized entrepreneurs. Not only does the company sell numerous types of goods, its’ sure to grow, it often prices them below cost in order to drive out local competition. These new developments have come at a time when everyday low prices which is the growth model that Wal-Mart necessarily wants to pursue long term. In recent years many of its competition have close up shop because they could not complete with Wal-Mart prices. There were shops of all kind like bakeries, shoe stores, pharmacies. Then Wal-Mart comes along. The fear that the giant corporation would come to small town and squash mom-and-pop operation turned out to be real. American consumers find the Bentonville (AR), based discounter which topped $226 billion in 2001. As local stores have continued to close, Wal-Mart has grown to 2,780 outlets in the U. S. alone. They explore widely views that Wal-Mart causes significant harm to mom-and-pop business. They did a test to see if Wal-Mart had been harmful to small business. They examine alternative measures and empirical techniques for robustness. Their studies results show that Wal-Mart had no significant long run impact on the overall size and profitability of small business in the United States. New studies find that Wal-Mart does not negatively impact local small business. Ranking as one of American’s largest corporations, reading the article they state Home Depot and Lowes put local stores out of business. If that was true Ace and True Value, also Building 19, they still exist thru United States. There finding are the larger retailers such as Ames department stores, Sears, and Kmart that lose business with the arrivals of new Wal-Mart stores, while smaller retailers are not affected to some extent. Wal-Mart has low prices because of our economy that’s why it’s hard for their competitors to bet their prices. Remember Bradlees, Ames, Anne Hope, Building Square, all based in New England. They have similar formats like Wal-Mart and Target, but they are all out of business now. By reading this article my findings are Wal-Mart is looking to open three hundred fifty new express convenience stores a year in U. S. cities and rural areas threatening small independent retailers. The largest retailer is downsizing its new stores to fit smaller city. But smaller retailers and traditional â€Å"mom-and-pop† stores could suffer from the move as consumers, for convenience and lower prices. This author believes it put pressure on mom-and-pop because Wal-Mart carries most of the basics, even groceries cheaper than mom-and-pop shops. Wal-Mart is proven to be cheaper; they can shop and get milk or their toasters breaks or even pick up DVDs cheap. Most mom-and-pop shops do not carry toasters or DVDs, and if they do they are higher in price. Will Wal-Mart take over the world? There were shops of all kinds like bakeries, shoe stores, pharmacies, and then come Wal-Mart. The mom-and-pop shops fear that giant all-in-one stores would come to small towns and squash mom-and-pop operations, based on discounter which topped two hundred twenty six billion in 2001, irresistible for its convenience, and low prices. Wal-Mart being such a huge buyer, it is such a huge seller that it can offer customers the lowest prices and make up the difference in volume. According to this article mom-and-pop shops are gone, regional chains are gone national retailers are thinning out. â€Å"We’re left with only the very big players at the top now that Wal-Mart has chewed right up the food chain. By reading all the articles, there are facts that Wal-Mart does and does not have effects on small mom-and-pop shops. The articles I read about Wal-Mart, Home Depot, Lowes has forced the mom-and-pop shops to close. For example the two big hardware stores have not put Ace, or even True Value out of business, they still exist throughout the United States. The only thing I can see is that people are misled; Wal-Mart has low prices. I believe it has to do with our economy. Also remember Bradlees, Building Square, Ames, Anne Hope, all based in New England. They are like Wal-Mart and Target, but they are all out of business now. It defiantly gives you something to think about. Reference â€Å"Study prove it: Wal-Mart super stores kill of local small business; Steve Barrision; 2013 â€Å"Bloomberg BusinessWeek; November 26, 2002 New Wal-Mart stores put large retailers out of business, mom-and-pop stores less affected; Persky J amp; Merriman D; 2012 â€Å"Mom-and-Pop closing shop;’ (vol 29 Issue 6, pg. 7-7); Business Source Elite; June 2008 â€Å"Break the monopoly of mom-and-pop shop-put a Wal-Mart in Hyde Park†; Adam Gaffin; 2/14/10 â€Å"Impact of Wal-Mart on Self-Employment and sm all Establishment in the United States†; (vol 46 Issue 4, pg. 676-695); Sobel, Russell s. amp; Dean, Andrea M â€Å"Is this the end of local States? Mighty Wal-Mart plans to build 350 minis ‘express’ shops a year to take on smaller retailers;† Daily Mail Reporter; June 2011

World War Ii Dbq Essay Example

World War Ii Dbq Essay World War II DBQ After the deaths of 37,508,686 soldiers by the end of World War I, Europe was a mess. Countries had been dissolved and rearranged, governments had fallen and been replaced, and economies were thriving then crashing, all as a result from World War I. One of the main goals at the end of World War I was to prevent another tragedy like World War I from happening again. Clearly that did not happen, as World War II still happened, causing over 50 million deaths. The repercussions of World War I caused World War II due to radical ideology, bad economic conditions, and nationalism to the point of extremity. The rise of Fascism in Italy contributed to World War II because of it’s militaristic and nationalistic nature. When the Treaty of Versailles was signed in 1919, Italy, which had suffered 2,197,000 soldiers either wounded or killed, but claimed to not get the territory or status that it deserved. This caused parliamentary instability within Italy, which gave Benito Mussolini a place to promote a form of government that would provide a scapegoat of the political and economic chaos in Italy, Fascism. One of the main goals that fascism promised to the people is the â€Å"conception of the State, its character, its duty, and its aim. † (Document #7). Depending on how dedicated the people were to the state determined their status. This pressure that was placed upon nationalism was not new in Europe, for the beginning of Germany’s movement to National Socialism, or Nazism, was beginning in the 1920’s, and on October 28, 1922, Il Duche and his Fascist followers did the March on Rome, and on November 9, 1923, the Beer Hall Putsch was Hitler’s attempt at a revolution, attempting to seize power in Munich, Bavaria, and Germany. We will write a custom essay sample on World War Ii Dbq specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on World War Ii Dbq specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on World War Ii Dbq specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This militaristic and nationalistic form of government contributed to World War II, but Italy was not the only country in Europe with this radical political ideology. The rise of Nazism in Germany contributed to World War II because of it’s militaristic nature and going against the League of Nations and Treaty of Versailles. World War I left Germany a mess, both economically and politically. The Weimar Republic was set in place, and the War Guilt Clause which stated that â€Å"Germany accepts the responsibility of Germany and her allies for causing all the loss and damage to the Allied and Associated Governments † (Document #1). Aside from having to accept the charges from all of the damage done in the war, â€Å"The provinces of Posen and almost the whole of West Prussia are to be separated from the German Empire † (Document #2). Much like the economy of Italy, Germany’s economy was in a slump, with a 26% unemployment rate. This terrible economy along with the increased number of Germans disliking the Weimar Republic allowed Adolf Hitler, a failed artist, to rise up. Hitler’s political system of National Socialism, or Nazism, promised the German people a way out of their economic hardships and to make Germany rise as a world power once again. Hitler became the Chancellor of Germany in 1933 by democratic means. His votes, mainly by farmers, small businessmen, civil servants and young people made Nazi party the most popular in the country. When President Paul von Hindenburg invited Hitler to form a government, Hitler persuaded von Hindenburg that Germany was on the verge of a Communist revolution, so the emergency laws would have to be in place. Once the emergency laws, which allowed a dictatorship, were established, the Nazi party was able to gain full power in Germany. Much like the Fascist Italy, this form of radical ideology was a major contributor, to World War II, along with the crimes against the League of Nations. Germany’s invasion of territories lost during World War I and Italy’s invasion of Ethiopia in 1935 against the League of Nations contributed to the cause of World War II. One of the first actions taken by Hitler was to regain all of the territories that were taken away as a result of the Treaty of Versailles, which was directly against what the Treaty of Versailles said. The British found out about Hitler â€Å"reoccupying the Rhineland† (Document #9),a direct violation against the League of Nations. Woodrow Wilson, the President of the United States in 1918, proposed the idea of an international peace-keeping organization in his 14 Points speech. Germany was allowed to join the League of Nations through the Treaty of Locarno in 1925, in hopes that this organization would be able to help prevent any future world wars. Another violation of the League of Nations was Italy’s invasion of Ethiopia in 1935. In World War I, Italy started out fighting on the side of the Germans and the Austrians and switched sides halfway through the war. The invasion of Ethiopia was a direct violation of Article X of the League of Nations, because not only was Ethiopia a member of the League of Nations, but the invasion resulted in the Italo-Ethiopian War, which started in October of 1935, right after Mussolini’s invasion of Ethiopia. The Italians violated the rules of the League of Nations, but Germany also violated the Treaty of Versailles. Due to Germany taking back the colonies lost after World War I and forming an alliance with Austria, Germany’s actions against the Treaty of Versailles contributed to the cause of World War II. After Germany got slapped with a $33 Billion dollar war reparation bill and Kaiser Wilhelm was removed from power, Germany was a mess, which allowed the rise of Hitler. Hitler, being a former Iron Cross winning â€Å"Gefreiter†, or Private First Class in World War I, believed that Germany was forced into signing the Treaty of Versailles. The bitterness he held facing the Treaty of Versailles continued on throughout his leadership, which is why some of the first places that he attacked were those that had been lost during World War I, such as the Rhinelands, which â€Å"was a complete reoccupation, not merely an attempt at remilitarization, but actual and complete remilitarization †(Document #10). Another restriction that was placed on Germany by the Treaty of Versailles was the prevention of an alliance with Austria. After World War I, Austria-Hungary was dissolved into Czechoslovakia, Austria, Hungary, and parts of it into Italy and Poland. The Treaty of Versailles was created by the Big 4- David Lloyd George of England, George Clemenceau of France, Woodrow Wilson of the United States and Vittorio Orlando of Italy, although Orlando was frequently on the sidelines. Even the British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain says that â€Å"His Majesty’s Government were not within their rights in interesting themselves in the independence of Austria †(Document #11). Radical ideology throughout Europe in the 1920’s and 30’s was a major player in World War II, but bad economic conditions helped to cause the bloodiest war in history. The high unemployment rate and high inflation contributed to the cause of World War II. When the Weimar Republic was installed in Germany in 1919, Germany along with the rest of the world was producing goods at a war-like rate. When a country produces goods like this for so long, â€Å"the vast expenditures of the war, the inflation of prices and the depreciation of currency, †(Document #3) cause a country to go into a depression. When the Weimar Republic was ending it’s 14 year stand to Hitler and Nazism, the unemployment rate was 26%. This was reflected in the proletariats, or the non-working class in this case because â€Å"Whole families had piled all their goods into baby carriages and wheelbarrows that they were pushing along as they plodded forward in a dumb despair. †(Document #8). Even the Great Depression in the United States in 1929 only got to 25% unemployed. The Depression in the United States caused problems in Germany, with a decline in industrial production of over 30%, and in 1933, the percentage of workers that were unemployed in 1933 hit 36. 2%, or 9 out of every 25 people was unemployed. Between January of 1933 and January of 1939, the total number of people unemployed went from 6 million to 302,000, or a 5, 698,000 person difference. This number kept on decreasing, but it is not the pure cause of the Nazism government. Between women not being needed in the working force after World War I, Jews losing their citizenship in 1935 and the young men that were needed for World War II in 1939, there were less people involved in the work force to begin with. Between German housewives using Reichmarks to burn instead of wood and â€Å"an almost unbroken chain of homeless men extends the whole length of the great Hamburg-Berlin highway (Document #8), paying for the damages Germany had caused was not on the top of their list. The $33 billion dollar war reparation Germany had to pay in response to World War I was a major contributor to World War II. One of the main problems that Germany encountered was a $33 billion dollar war reparation that was a part of the Treaty of Versail les. However, since Germany had just lost a major world war, Germany did not have the means to pay back Britain and France right away. In fact, Germany wouldn’t finish paying back the debts until October of 2010. Germany’s economy was already down the drain which could already lead to a â€Å"rapid depression of the standard of life of the European populations to a point which will mean actual starvation for some †(Document #3). Britain and France were dependent on Germany to pay back the $33 billion to help kick start their own economies. The British and the French were paying the United States who were funneling to Germany, so when Germany was not able to pay up, it lead to a worldwide economic crisis, not just German. The Germans already agreed to â€Å"make compensation for all damage done to the civilian population of the Allied and Associated Powers and to their property †(Document #1). Aside from the support from the United States, Russia, with it’s New Economic Policy installed by Joseph Stalin, or Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili, was also able to loan money to Germany. Germany was also spending close to $30 billion dollars every year, which certainly does not help the economy. he Reichmark losing worth by the hour was not the sole cause of World War II, the colorful signs of propaganda and the emphasis on nationalism contributed as well. The pull of propaganda and the fear to not be nationalistic contributed to the cause of World War II. Nationalism and pride for one’s country is present in every country: waving the flag, singing the national anthem, etc. However, once your status in the government is being decided by your dedication to your country and citizens are be ing taught that â€Å"all individuals or groups are relative, only to be conceived of in their relation to the State (Document #7), pride for your country becomes an understatement. In Germany, colorful signs coated the streets of Berlin varying from the bomb shelters of England with Churchill scratching off the cities that had been bombed to a giant monster with a sword in it’s tongue, representing the Japanese attacking Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. These signs promoting war had a great effect on children, who were writing about how â€Å"war gives them the opportunity to develop their talents. Without war the world would have fewer great men †(Document #6). Hitler Youth was created to appeal to the German children. It was considered useless to stay at home and do nothing because â€Å"it is sweet to die for the Fatherland. The dead of the enemy live in the memory of the victor. †(Document #6). Certainly flashy posters and appealing to children wasn’t the only reason why World War II happened, but creating the ideal German race certainly did help. Germany’s blaming of the non-Aryans to use as a scapegoat from the problems of World War I contributed to the cause of World War II. The Aryans are by definition, not a race. They are just a person that spoke and Indo-European language. However, Hitler believed that there was and ideal German race, and â€Å"what we see before us of human culture today, the results of art, science, and techniques, is almost exclusively the creative product of the Aryan †(Document #4). This ideal race, which Hitler himself did not even fit, had blonde hair and blue eyes. Hitler never wanted to father a child because he felt that he was not able to produce one of the ideal race because his nose was too â€Å"Jewish† looking. Hitler believed that a Jew was the complete opposite to the Aryan. The only way that would be able to stop these non-Aryans from destroying the culture was to eliminate them so â€Å"never again can its consequences be removed from the body and the mind. †(Document #4). During the Holocaust, or the Nazi’s systematic genocide of the non-Aryan people (Jews, Communist, homosexuals, Gypsies, etc. ), Hitler eliminated close to 2/3 of Europe’s Jewish population, almost 6 million, and in total the number of Holocaust victims was between 11 and 17 million people. With the total death count of 56, 125,262, and the estimated number of people serving racking in at 1. 9 billion people, World War II was the bloodiest war the world has ever seen. The consequences of World War I caused World War II because of radical ideology, bad economic conditions, and nationalism to the point of extremity. Hitler is now buried under a garbage dump in what used to be East Germany, and as far as history knows, we’ve done a pretty good job preventing World War III so far. â€Å"A people free to choose will always choose peace. †- President Ronald Regean