Anzia Yezierska’s novel Bread Givers and Assimilation of Jews Essay

Anzia Yezierska’s novel Bread Givers and Assimilation of Jews An entire chapter of Eric Liu’s memoir, The Accidental Asian, is founded on the supposition that Jews today serve as a metaphor for assimilation into American culture. According to Liu, this is due to the ease with which Jews have been able to assimilate. However, the progress that Jews have made in embracing and affecting America has been gradual rather than instantaneous, as evidenced by the character Sara Smolensky in Anzia Yezierska’s novel Bread Givers. Sara is not the symbol of an assimilated Jew, but instead represents a period of transition between complete assimilation into American identity and complete dissimilation from her Jewish and Polish heritage, neither of which she can fully accomplish. Her identity was both â€Å"made† and â€Å"unmade† by her interaction with America, and she is left struggling for a new self that can interweave her ancestral past and her American present. Perhaps the best example of Sara’s deviation from her Jewish heritage and her attempt to assimilate was her refusal to allow the undertaker to tear her suit during her mother’s funeral service. The clothing that she wears is a symbol to her of wealth and of being an American. For Sara the ripping of her clothing had become an â€Å"empty symbol,† a cultural construction with only symbolic meaning that could help to identify her ethnicity, and does not serve any logical purpose. After being distanced from her family and immersed in American culture for so long, she no longer understands the purpose of the action, and posits verily that â€Å"Tearing [her only suit] wouldn’t bring Mother back to life again† (Yezierska 255). This represents a clear distinction between volunta... ...rself in between the two, and in doing so partially â€Å"unmakes† the ethnic identity passed on to her from her ancestors. The question of whether she is more assimilated into American culture or is more dissimilated from the culture of her ancestors is arbitrary and ambiguous. She is simultaneously both and neither; she is a new person who enjoys the American way of life but will always feel burdened by the â€Å"weight† of her ancestors â€Å"upon [her]† (297). Works Cited Liu, Eric. â€Å"New Jews.† The Accidental Asian. New York: Vintage Books, 1998. 145-74. Sollors, Werner. Forward. â€Å"Theories of American Ethnicity.† American Quarterly. 33.3 (1981): 257-83. Takaki, Ronald. â€Å"Between Two Endless Days.† A Different Mirror: A History of Multicultural America. Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1993. 277-310. Yezierska, Anzia. Bread Givers. New York: Persea Books, 2003.

Mana and Kaitiakitanga Essay

Noa is often paired with tapu indicating that often noa refers to restoring a balance, unrestricted. A high level of tapu is regarded as dangerous. The role for tikanga and tohunga is to reduce th level of dangerous tapu until it is noa. However, it is not plainly the case to think of noa as being opposite or the absence of tapu. For instance, a person could be very tapu if one got very sick or there was bleeding. That one still has personal tapu even though the increasing of tapu symptoms have passed lead the person to return to the safe state. Health is restored after a crisis passes, which means a balance has been reached (the state of noa). Mead, H. M. (2003). (3) 2. Mana tangata According to The New Zealand Auction Plan for Human Rights, human rights (mana tanga) underlie our expectation about our education, work, life, and health. The essence of mana tangata is rights, control, and authority that are emanated directly from human. Injury or illness attributable to human activities, deaths through warfare, lifestyle changes affecting exercise, nutrition, and sanitation are all connected to Maori Hauora. Mana tangata relates to mana because it is an acknowledgment of acquired skills and inheritance (mana) which influence certain people to direct the daily activities in order to towards higher quality of life within Maori community. http://www2. ohchr. org/english/issues/plan_actions/docs/New_Zealand. pdf (4) 3. Mana â€Å"house nigger† According to Amanda Cameron’s article – Health book tells Maori to smoke – on Maori health, the term of â€Å"house niggers† was describe as the people who have been brainwashed by Pakeha and kept tamed by greedy â€Å"Uncle Tom† Maori health managers. ttp://www. nzherald. co. nz/nz/news/article. cfm? c_id=1&objectid=10347182 (5) From the book, Maori Health, was co-authored by the trust’s chairman Peter Caccioppoli and Rhys Cullen, Maori are persuaded to change their lifestyle because the Crown thinks it would reduce the number of Maori requiring treatment for disease if they change their diet (eat less and better), exercise more and stop smoking. In fact, people do not know how Maori health was defined and how healthcare for Maori was delivered. They just put Maori in position that relies on research on Pakeha. There is no reason why Maori cannot have their rights to choose their own life style. The health system is against what Maori enjoy and is racist, which can directly influence the mana of Maori. Caccioppoli, P. Cullen R. (2005) (6) 4. Mana (Respect) Respect, the most essential term of mana, is a key professional and social responsibility for all who are involved in the sector of health and disability services. This term for uniqueness of each individual child underlies all the rights within the Code of Health and Disability Services Consumer’s Rights. The right to dignity and independence is the basic requirement to respect the dignity and mana of the child. Negative attitudes held about consumer’s values and beliefs can impact upon their mana and wellbeing. For example, a nurse should provide respect in accordance with people with cultural requirement. http://www. hdc. org. nz/education/presentations/the-code,-child-and-adolescent-mental-health-and-concepts-of-maori-health (7) 5. Mana (Pride) – Whakama Whakama gives the notion of embarrassment and shame. The restoration of mana and tapu of all parties involved can sometimes help to eliminate the feeling of whakama. Hence, this term is bound up with the loss of mana. Collective whakama are able to affect the whanau, hapu and iwi that can be intense on both group and individual. The embracement or shame felt is an extremely strong and emotional force which can contribute to violence and suicide. List of Maori terms – http://www. justice. govt. nz (8) Question 2: 5 terms relating to Kaitiakitanga 1. Ira tangata (gene) and surrogacy Surrogacy means a woman gives birth to a child on behalf of another woman who lost her ability to carry her own children. The term of ira tangata (gene) and surrogacy is mentioned by Maori Attitudes to Assisted Human Reproduction. The surrogate mother may be paid to nurture the fertilized egg, giving the birth to the new life and then handling the new life to the natural parents. The aim of surrogacy is to produce a new life and thus create a new mauri. However, this would raise different sorts of moral and social issues. Mead, H. M. (2003) (9) For example, where a surrogate carried the intended parents’ embryo (gestational surrogacy), the integrity of whakapapa are not undermined. Whereas, when a surrogate is also donating an egg (contain her ira tabgata – gene) to the process and therefore the biological mother, then concerns about the integrity of whakapapa would rise. The surrogate may not be mentioned in whakapapa. http://lens. auckland. ac. nz/images/3/32/AHR_report_final. pdf (10) 2. Manaakitanga At the Cole’s Medical practice in New Zealand 2011, Peter Jansen and David Jansen articulated the term of Manaakitanga refers to the obligations and responsibilities to describe care for family and for visitors that is related to kaitiakitanga. Being hospitable and looking after one’s visitor is given priority. The provision of food (kia) and accommodation are involved in the process of welcoming and caring for visitors. http://www. mcnz. org. nz/portals/0/publications/coles/005%20-%20george. pdf (11) The aim of manaakitanga is to nurture relationships and as far as possible to respect the mana of other no matter what their standing in society might be. Mead, H. M. (2003) (12) Manaakitanga seeks to maintain balance harmony by informing kaupapa and protecting the quality or integrity of relationships among groups. www. tumana. aori. nz/assets/Te-Tauranga-Waka. doc (13) 3. Collective Responsibility In Maori society, collective responsibility is normally emphasised on the well-being of group, as opposite to the Pakeha focus on the individual. Grant Berghan(2007) (14) Collective responsibility is essential seem in terms of caring and whanaungatanga which belongs to the individual, the whanau, hapu and iwi (descended from a common ancestor. In The Code, Child and Adolescent Mental Health and Concepts of Maori Health, the right 4(4) of the Code emphasises holistic health is a cornerstone of Maori health. Te Hingengaro generally refers to mental health. Te Tinana is the physical body/representation of the ancestor. Both of them together determine how people feel about themselves and are therefore vital factors influencing a person’s health. Maori believe tat the mind, body, and soul are all closely inter-related and influence physical wellbeing. Physical cannot be dealt with in isolation, nor can the individual be seen as separate from their family. http://www. hdc. org. nz/education/presentations/the-code,-child-and-adolescent-mental-health-and-concepts-of-maori-health (15) 4. Family violence (Child abuse) Family violence is any violent act inflicted by one member of the household. Families and whanan are strong and richly interconnected with communities. They are able to support their member’s wellbeing, identity, participation in society and independence. Strong families are central to achieving wellbeing for all New Zealander, today and in the future. Family violence, including child abuse and neglect, is a major problem in New Zealand. Maori are more likely than non-Maori children to be assessed as abused and neglected. In 2002, 10. 3 Maori children compared with 5. 9 non-Maori per 1000 were assessed as abused and neglected. Ministry of Social Development has strengthened early intervention for vulnerable children and family. They are trying to improve health, education, and parent support services, as well as strengthen monitoring to prevent the family violence. http://www. msd. govt. nz/about-msd-and-our-work/publications-resources/corporate/statement-of-intent/2005/families-and-whanau. html(16) 5. Whanau and smoking Whanau refers to family relationship, friendship, and other interpersonal relationship. The tendency of smoking in Maori community can result from lack of whanau support and care. Smoking represents one of the mechanisms by which socioeconomic factors affect health status. Recent national surveys (below) have shown that Maori adults smoke tobacco at a higher rate compared with the percentage of total population. [pic] http://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pmc/articles/PMC1470538/ (17) Smoking is the key risk factor for causing or contributing to death in Maori society. Thus, the programme Aukati KaiPaipa offers a strong cultural identity and support within whanau in order to address smoking addiction. http://www. bpac. org. nz/magazine/2009/july/smoking. asp (18) Question 3: Examples based on mana and kaitiakitanga terms Tapu In the Cole’s Medical Practice in New Zealand 2009, noa is the absence of tapu and donates the state of being normal, ordinary or safe. On the other hand, tapu can be understood as the state of dangerous. However, tapu is believed to be scared by psychotherapist and clinical advisor Cabrini ‘Ofa Makasiale. The concept of tapu is more about safety than about a punitive measure. The function of tapu is to protect and enhance people’s lives. Cabrini ‘Ofa Makasiale(2007) (19) These two meaning are quite different in terms of the theory described by different health sectors. Tapu defines the boundary between safe and unsafe. They analyse tapu from different kaupapa (subject) of the term. Auahi Kore The term Auahi Kore is used by The Hauora provider Te Kotahitanga Trust in order to mean Maori should have their own rights to make choices on issues about smoking. This opinion was mentioned by Peter Caccioppoli and Phys Cullen in their book Maori Health on page 108. However, Hon Peter Hodgson who is the minister of health uses the same term to mean Auahi Kore is a good lifestyle which can lead a longer and healthier life for Maori people in New Zealand Health Strategy. Smoking is the root of a variety of disease like lung cancer and heart disease, which are trend to shorten human’s life. www. moh. govt. nz/moh. nsf/pagesmh/5507/$File/mentalhealth-toolkit-relinked08. doc (20) The difference in meaning is that they focus on two different theories. The previous one concentrates on rights, while the other concerned about health, which is dominant culture using Maori term to promote a healthier life. Question 4: 5 terms relate to Hauora Outcomes Tapu and mental disease: Tapu is about scared bonds between people. These bonds could stem Pacific eople from the cosmic and spiritual relationships between them, their patients and their gods. Spirituality is a key component in Pacific models care and exists alongside the mental aspect of a person’s wellbeing. For Pacific people, the concept of wellbeing focuses on the collective, rather than the individual. Therefore the breakdown of the holistic self as well as breach of tapu can contribute to m ental illness. www. leva. co. nz/file/Documents/090428-le-va-seitapu-real-skills-web. pdf (21) Take cervical screening for example, many women are not willing to see doctor even though they have already known their situation. Womb is scared and a part of tapu for woman. Barriers such as shyness caused by tapu may contribute women of any ethnicity to suffer regular cervical screening. The chart below shows cervical screening rates in different areas by 2009. [pic] http://www. bpac. org. nz/magazine/2010/november/cervicalscreening. asp (22) Mana tangata and Lifestyle Awareness Mana tangata refers to human rights which are closely connected with human lifestyle. According to National Health Committee (NHC, 1998), Maori are over-represented in the areas of unemployment, poverty, crime, poor diet, and harmful lifestyle choice such as alcohol and drug abuse.

A Doll s House By Henrik Isben Essay - 1226 Words

A Doll’s House was published in Norway in 1879 by Henrik Isben. He is known as the father of Modern Theatre. He is also referred as the father of realism. The play is very interesting because of the funny dialogue, Ibsen s view of the place of ladies in the public eye and the unique characters. The main characters of the play is Nora Helmer and her husband Torvald Helmer. Imagine what it would be like to live in a doll s home? It s a house in which you are controlled and have no energy to settle on any solid choice; It s a house in which you are a play thing for another person s amusement. This sounds a ton like an awful marriage, so it s a house in which your husband holds the satchel strings, in a manner of speaking, and abandons you with no influence over your family s accounts. In fact, your husband keeps you on a tightrope. Such is the perceived life of Nora Helmer. A Doll’s House is an example of a literacy work with numeral possible themes. The idea of the play i s an expression of the need for women to escape from the confinement and restriction that they faced in nineteenth-century European society, it is supported by the condescending manner in which Torvald treats Nora and by his frequent references to the respective value of men and women. Another theme is in order for a marriage to be successful, the people involved should know and trust each other, show view each other as equals, and should have separate identities. Related to this idea is the theme thatShow MoreRelatedA Thousand Splendid Suns, By Henrik Isben s A Doll s House And Kamala Markandaya s Nectar2270 Words   |  10 PagesIn Khaled Hosseini s A Thousand Splendid Suns, Henrik Isben s A Doll s House, and Kamala Markandaya s Nectar in a Sieve, women face obstacles that disempower and silence them due to Men s treatment of women, the societal view of women, and the objectification of women. Within the literary works analyzed this semester, disempowerment is a persisting theme that roots from the various obstacles and hardships women encounter. The woman s ability to overcome this disempowerment is particularly challengingRead MoreA Doll s House Review Essay1338 Words   |  6 Pages A Doll’s House Review A Doll’s House was published in Norway in 1879 by Henrik Isben. He is known as the father of Modern Theatre. He is also referred as the father of realism. The play is very interesting because of the funny dialogue, the unique characters, and Ibsen s view of the place of ladies in the public eye. The main characters of the play is Nora Helmer and her husband Torvald Helmer. Imagine what it would be like to live in a doll s home? It s a house in which you are controlledRead MoreEssay about Marriage Without Love in Henrik Ibsens A Dolls House 1535 Words   |  7 PagesMarriage Without Love in Henrik Ibsens A Dolls House In his play, A Doll?s House, Henrik Ibsen shows a marriage built only on appearances, and not love. Both Nora the wife, and Torvald the husband, pretend they are in love throughout the story. However, love should be patient and kind, and their love is anything but that. Nora treats her husband as a father figure. Her feelings towards Torvald are more about dependence than love. Torvald treats Nora like a child or a pet. He getsRead MoreA Dolls House1307 Words   |  6 PagesA Dolls House: 2. How does the imagery in the play aid the audience to appreciate the themes, the dramatic question(s), of the play? A Dolls House is a play written in 1879 by Henrik Ibsen depicting the story of a couple Nora and Torvald Helmer. The play specifically follows the journey of the character Noras self-discovery and struggle against the oppression of her husband Torvald and the society that he represents. Ibsen uses non-verbal elements such as screen directions and setting descriptionsRead MoreNora Helmer s A Doll s House2548 Words   |  11 PagesAlthough Nora Helmer is a part of Torvald’s dollhouse she begins to realize that she has given up her desires, ambition, and dignity just to play the role in his life. When the door slams at the end of â€Å"A Doll’s House† by Henry Ibsen, No one would not believe the woman walking out of her house is the same one who appeared at the beginning of the play. The main character in this play is Nora. Nora goes through a complete transformation, changing from a child like and dependant woman to a self strongRead MoreA New World for Women: A Dollhouse by Henrik Ibsen1089 Words   |  4 PagesA new world for women Henrik Ibsen’s play, â€Å"A Dollhouse† is centered in the late 19th century following the time women seek more of their independence and greater freedom. From the play, â€Å"A Dollhouse†, Ibsen tends to understand women more than they do. As one of Ibsen’s famous play addresses the issue of feminine roles and importance in the past and present era. Nora as a mother and wife decided to quit from her gender roles as a wife and mother, to become an independent self made person afterRead MoreEssay about Henrik Isbens A Dolls House1970 Words   |  8 Pages Henrik Isben?s A Doll?s House is the story of a man and a woman who have been married for eight years but are not really in love. Although at the first of the story we see a typical family, underneath there lies a dark secret. Torvald Helmer, the husband, is a lawyer who has been unsuccessful in the past because he would not accept a shady case. This has put the couple and their children in a grea t financial struggle and this forces him to turn elsewhere for employment. He ends up working atRead MoreA Dolls House by Henrik Isben1646 Words   |  7 PagesIn the 1900’s women were not granted with similar privileges as men. Economic suppression, limited education, and lack of civil rights were the primary issues for women. In the play A Doll’s House, Henrik Isben creates the realization of female oppression through the creation of the character, Nora. Nora is a woman, whose whole life is ruled by either her father or husband. Nora Helmer, tries hard to perform the roles expected of a woman, which, however, has led to her sacrifice of individual ideals

Essay on The Mytilene Debate and Athenian Debate - 1606 Words

The book written by Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War, contains two controversial debates between distinguished speakers of Athens. The two corresponding sides produce convincing arguments which can be taken as if produced as an honest opinion or out of self-interest. The two debates must be analyzed separately in order to conclude which one and which side was speaking out of honest opinion or self-interest, as well as which speakers are similar to each other in their approach to the situation. In the Mytilene Debate the two speakers are Creon, presenting the side in favor of killing the people, and Diodotus, on the opposing side. The two speakers present their opinions on the best way to deal with the Mytilenean people†¦show more content†¦Diodotus takes the opposing side of Cleon, preferring not to kill the Mytileans. He does believes that the killing of the Mytileans will not instill fear in other cities and will have no effect on any future revolt. On the contrary he thinks that by yielding to Cleon=s proposal that the other cities will Anot only make much more careful preparations for revolt, but will also hold out against siege to the very end, since to surrender early or late means just the same thing.@(p.221, 46) He also believes that by taking Cleon=s side the Athenians will be making a mistake so they should Anot come to the wrong conlclusions through having too much confidence in the effectiveness of capital punishment, and must not make the conditions of rebels@(p. 221, 46) Diodotus does think that the Mytileans do deserve punishment for what they have done, but he does not think that killing is the proper punishment and that is should not be the answer. This makes since only because if the Athenians were to kill off every single city that wronged them they would eventually run out of cities to terminate and be leftShow MoreRelatedThucydides Accounts of the Degradation of Athenian Honor1065 Words   |  4 Pages Thucydides account of the Peloponnesian war served as a window into Athenian societal culture. Carrying the reader from Pericles moving speech to the assembly, through Cleon and Diodotus oratory battle over the fate of Mytilene, and finally to the Athenian proposal to the Melians, Thucydides detailed the transformation of Athens from a state based on justice and freedom to a empire with a corrupted soul. This corruption did not occur over night, but was the result of increasing tyrannical behaviorRead MoreEssay Moralit y And Power930 Words   |  4 Pagesnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Thucydides’ written history of the Mytilenian Debate and the Melian Dialogue reflects the reality of a period where morality is dependent on the exercise of power and those who possess it. The main theme running through the course of these two debates is that those with the power to act as they wish inherently have the power to dictate morality. The arguments that decide the fate of the Mytilene are made not strictly on the basis of morality but on how their power allowsRead MoreThe Tragedy Hecuba Which Was Written By Euripides Essay1491 Words   |  6 Pagesof the Peloponnesian and Archidamian War which was fought between Athens and Sparta. Euripides was an Athenian who was born around 485BC on the island of Salamis which is off the coast of Piraeus. He competed several times in Athens’ annual City Dionysia, which, as we know, was a dramatic festival held in honour of Dionysus. This means that the majority of his audience would have been Athenians, like himself. So, just a quick introduction to the play. The key characters are HECUBA who was the QueenRead MoreThe Use of Rhetoric In Athenian Democracy Essay1814 Words   |  8 PagesRhetoric was a major factor in the development and maintenance of the Athenian government and was used by many in order to gain power and ascend in politics. The ascendance of the great demagogues in Athens during the time of the Peloponnesian war was heavily influenced by their rhetoric and ability to effectively guide the Athenian democracy. 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Pericles ascended to power at the empire’s height and was, according to Thucydides, the city’s most capable politician, a man who understood fully the nature of his city and its political institutions and used his understanding to further its interests in tandem with his own. After Pericles, however, Thucydides notes a drastic decline in the quality of Athenian leaders, culminating in Alcibiades,Read MoreJustice, Power, A nd Human Nature By Thucydides And The Republic By Plato1142 Words   |  5 Pagesjustice. As the empire grew in size and stature, the ugly side of human nature was expelled onto the rest of Greece. Cleon, an Athenian general in the Peloponnesian War, was described by Thucydides as â€Å"the most violent man in Athens.† He was advocating for the enslavement of the women and children as well as the slaughter of all the men of Mytilene during the Mytilenian Debate. Losing empathy and compassion creates a world of chaos and injustice. The prime instance of Athens’ tyranny was their interactionRead MoreRational Appeasement15291 Words   |  62 Pagesrationalizes selective appeasement, I hope to suggest the need for reconsideration+ Two Traditions Distrust of appeasement dates at least to the Peloponnesian War+ In the Athenian view, leniency toward hostile or even neutral city-states risked eroding the city’s reputation for toughness, thus undermining its empire+ As the Athenian envoys told the people of Melos: â€Å"if we were on friendly terms with you, our subjects would regard that as a sign of weakness in us, whereas your hatred is evidence of our

Women s Unequal Portrayal, And The Struggle For Identity...

In this essay I will examine the ideas behind women’s unequal portrayal, and the struggle for identity of female writers. Before recently, most published writers were male, so representation was obviously one-sided. Literacy in the ancient worlds was limited anyway, and few that could write were female. Oral culture is undervalued, though, because folktales were predominantly passed down by women. Religion played a huge part in early misrepresentation. Plato laid the philosophical foundations for inequality, which were then adopted by Christian and Jewish thinkers that followed him, hugely affecting Western literature. Plato’s Timaeus describes male bodies implanted with souls and given volition, sensation, and emotion . But after death, a man who mastered his emotions and developed intellectually would be reborn, blessed, as a male, while a man who hadn’t mastered his emotional tendencies was considered incapable of reason and reborn as a female . In addition to this amusing view, he placed the creation of women and animals on the same level , and in Politics, Aristotle agrees that â€Å"the male is by nature superior†¦the female inferior† . Despite Mother-figures featuring highly in Judaism, and the Old Testament’s examples of powerful females (Jezebel, Deborah), Jewish tradition still generally placed women below men. As Ben Sirach reminded us in the Apocrypha, â€Å"from the garment issueth the moth // And from a woman a woman’s wickedness.† The Judeo-Christian creation myth,Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Kashmira Sheth s Keeping Corner, Mira And Pemala1651 Words   |  7 Pagesgirls and society. Transfiguration of Girls from Victims to Rescuers After a period of aggressive deficiencies which can break certain girls mentally we can see that girls succeed in breaking the constrains binding them and developing independent identities. Once they have succeeded in the quest and found their true selves, they are at peace with themselves and with the world. They become people who have their own aims in life, making their own choices, with a sense of responsibility. They become liberatedRead MoreRelationship Between Men and Women: Jane Eyre and The Handmaids Tale1775 Words   |  8 Pages Charlotte Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Jane Eyre entails a social criticism of the oppressive social ideas and practices of nineteenth-century Victorian society. The presentation of male and female relationships emphases men’s domination and perceived superiority over women. Jane Eyre is a reflection of Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s own observation on gender roles of the Victorian era, from the vantage point of her position as governess much like Jane’s. Margaret Atwood’s novel was written during a period of conservative revival in theRead MoreLiterary Review of Sexuality and Gender in Science Fiction Literature3057 Words   |  13 Pagesgeneral overview while some is more focused, but everything clearly references other theorists, studies and texts to back up the arguments made. The Cambridge Companion to Science Fiction- Edward James This book combines essays by academics and writers of SF, which examine the genre from diverse perspectives. It inspects the beginnings of SF from Thomas More to the present day, and presents significant critical approaches such as Marxism, feminism and queer theory. There is an overlap of themesRead MoreWomen, Hair, And Cancer10628 Words   |  43 PagesChapter Three Women, Hair, and Cancer in the Media 3.1. Introducing television into the home / The Rise of the (social) Media [†¦]After going downstairs, for breakfast, Leonda picks up the remote and clicks on the TV. She â€Å"channels surfs† until she comes across a network morning show that has the stat of a big new Hollywood movie as a guest. [†¦] Later [†¦], [s]he spends the rest of the period flipping through a â€Å"women’s† magazine featuring articles- and many advertisements- on fashion, makeup, healthRead MoreLgbt19540 Words   |  79 Pagesthey describe peoples sexual orientation or gender identity. These terms are explained in more detail here. Lesbian A lesbian woman is one who is romantically, sexually and/or emotionally attracted to women. Many lesbians prefer to be called lesbian rather than gay. Gay A gay man is one who is romantically, sexually and/or emotionally attracted to men. The word gay can be used to refer generally to lesbian, gay and bisexual people but many women prefer to be called lesbian. Most gay people dontRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. 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He is especially proud of his wife, Carol, a retired elementary school teacher, his daughter Allison, who works for the Center for Women and Excellence in Boston, and his daughter Teri, who is ï ¬ nishing a graduate program in education at NYU. ROXY PECK is Associate Dean of the College of Science and Mathematics and Professor of Statistics at California Polytechnic State UniversityRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 Pagespreparing for the Marketing Planning paper in the CIM’s Diploma examinations âž ¡ Marketing practitioners who will benefit from a comprehensive review of current thinking in the field of strategic marketing planning, implementation and control. Richard M S Wilson Colin Gilligan Overview of the book’s structure 1 Introduction Stage One Where are we now? Strategic and marketing analysis 2 Marketing auditing and the analysis of capability 3 Segmental, productivity and ratio analysis 4 Market

Mom and Pop Shops free essay sample

Professor James Meeze January 19, 2013 Based on my research paper and reading the information, I am going to choose how Wal-Mart is taking down mom-and-pop shops and destroying them by leaving downtown barren and empty. I am going to prove it does have some effect on small business, but also it has to do with our economy. I plan on the information and graphs I found by researching my information about how the big companies do take over some small business. I will provide a power point presentation in my research paper to also show you more information about my research paper. There is no question that Wal-Mart does cause some mom-and-pop shops to fail. However, those failures are entirely compensated for by the entry of other new small business. I am also going to prove that it’s fifty fifty. Large Corporation sometimes destroy some mom-and-pop shops. Also I have facts they don’t destroy all the small business. We will write a custom essay sample on Mom and Pop Shops or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The article states shopping center have developers to lesson mom-and-pop shops in new centers in U. S. Regency. It has reduced the amount of small shop space and including new development. It also states that the regency is having a harder time filling empty spaces with new mom-and-pop tenants and franchises than in the past. As stated in a recent article from the Neighborhood Retail Alliance, because when Wal-Mart enters a town undeniable harm happens to small and medium sized entrepreneurs. Not only does the company sell numerous types of goods, its’ sure to grow, it often prices them below cost in order to drive out local competition. These new developments have come at a time when everyday low prices which is the growth model that Wal-Mart necessarily wants to pursue long term. In recent years many of its competition have close up shop because they could not complete with Wal-Mart prices. There were shops of all kind like bakeries, shoe stores, pharmacies. Then Wal-Mart comes along. The fear that the giant corporation would come to small town and squash mom-and-pop operation turned out to be real. American consumers find the Bentonville (AR), based discounter which topped $226 billion in 2001. As local stores have continued to close, Wal-Mart has grown to 2,780 outlets in the U. S. alone. They explore widely views that Wal-Mart causes significant harm to mom-and-pop business. They did a test to see if Wal-Mart had been harmful to small business. They examine alternative measures and empirical techniques for robustness. Their studies results show that Wal-Mart had no significant long run impact on the overall size and profitability of small business in the United States. New studies find that Wal-Mart does not negatively impact local small business. Ranking as one of American’s largest corporations, reading the article they state Home Depot and Lowes put local stores out of business. If that was true Ace and True Value, also Building 19, they still exist thru United States. There finding are the larger retailers such as Ames department stores, Sears, and Kmart that lose business with the arrivals of new Wal-Mart stores, while smaller retailers are not affected to some extent. Wal-Mart has low prices because of our economy that’s why it’s hard for their competitors to bet their prices. Remember Bradlees, Ames, Anne Hope, Building Square, all based in New England. They have similar formats like Wal-Mart and Target, but they are all out of business now. By reading this article my findings are Wal-Mart is looking to open three hundred fifty new express convenience stores a year in U. S. cities and rural areas threatening small independent retailers. The largest retailer is downsizing its new stores to fit smaller city. But smaller retailers and traditional â€Å"mom-and-pop† stores could suffer from the move as consumers, for convenience and lower prices. This author believes it put pressure on mom-and-pop because Wal-Mart carries most of the basics, even groceries cheaper than mom-and-pop shops. Wal-Mart is proven to be cheaper; they can shop and get milk or their toasters breaks or even pick up DVDs cheap. Most mom-and-pop shops do not carry toasters or DVDs, and if they do they are higher in price. Will Wal-Mart take over the world? There were shops of all kinds like bakeries, shoe stores, pharmacies, and then come Wal-Mart. The mom-and-pop shops fear that giant all-in-one stores would come to small towns and squash mom-and-pop operations, based on discounter which topped two hundred twenty six billion in 2001, irresistible for its convenience, and low prices. Wal-Mart being such a huge buyer, it is such a huge seller that it can offer customers the lowest prices and make up the difference in volume. According to this article mom-and-pop shops are gone, regional chains are gone national retailers are thinning out. â€Å"We’re left with only the very big players at the top now that Wal-Mart has chewed right up the food chain. By reading all the articles, there are facts that Wal-Mart does and does not have effects on small mom-and-pop shops. The articles I read about Wal-Mart, Home Depot, Lowes has forced the mom-and-pop shops to close. For example the two big hardware stores have not put Ace, or even True Value out of business, they still exist throughout the United States. The only thing I can see is that people are misled; Wal-Mart has low prices. I believe it has to do with our economy. Also remember Bradlees, Building Square, Ames, Anne Hope, all based in New England. They are like Wal-Mart and Target, but they are all out of business now. It defiantly gives you something to think about. Reference â€Å"Study prove it: Wal-Mart super stores kill of local small business; Steve Barrision; 2013 â€Å"Bloomberg BusinessWeek; November 26, 2002 New Wal-Mart stores put large retailers out of business, mom-and-pop stores less affected; Persky J amp; Merriman D; 2012 â€Å"Mom-and-Pop closing shop;’ (vol 29 Issue 6, pg. 7-7); Business Source Elite; June 2008 â€Å"Break the monopoly of mom-and-pop shop-put a Wal-Mart in Hyde Park†; Adam Gaffin; 2/14/10 â€Å"Impact of Wal-Mart on Self-Employment and sm all Establishment in the United States†; (vol 46 Issue 4, pg. 676-695); Sobel, Russell s. amp; Dean, Andrea M â€Å"Is this the end of local States? Mighty Wal-Mart plans to build 350 minis ‘express’ shops a year to take on smaller retailers;† Daily Mail Reporter; June 2011

World War Ii Dbq Essay Example

World War Ii Dbq Essay World War II DBQ After the deaths of 37,508,686 soldiers by the end of World War I, Europe was a mess. Countries had been dissolved and rearranged, governments had fallen and been replaced, and economies were thriving then crashing, all as a result from World War I. One of the main goals at the end of World War I was to prevent another tragedy like World War I from happening again. Clearly that did not happen, as World War II still happened, causing over 50 million deaths. The repercussions of World War I caused World War II due to radical ideology, bad economic conditions, and nationalism to the point of extremity. The rise of Fascism in Italy contributed to World War II because of it’s militaristic and nationalistic nature. When the Treaty of Versailles was signed in 1919, Italy, which had suffered 2,197,000 soldiers either wounded or killed, but claimed to not get the territory or status that it deserved. This caused parliamentary instability within Italy, which gave Benito Mussolini a place to promote a form of government that would provide a scapegoat of the political and economic chaos in Italy, Fascism. One of the main goals that fascism promised to the people is the â€Å"conception of the State, its character, its duty, and its aim. † (Document #7). Depending on how dedicated the people were to the state determined their status. This pressure that was placed upon nationalism was not new in Europe, for the beginning of Germany’s movement to National Socialism, or Nazism, was beginning in the 1920’s, and on October 28, 1922, Il Duche and his Fascist followers did the March on Rome, and on November 9, 1923, the Beer Hall Putsch was Hitler’s attempt at a revolution, attempting to seize power in Munich, Bavaria, and Germany. We will write a custom essay sample on World War Ii Dbq specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on World War Ii Dbq specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on World War Ii Dbq specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This militaristic and nationalistic form of government contributed to World War II, but Italy was not the only country in Europe with this radical political ideology. The rise of Nazism in Germany contributed to World War II because of it’s militaristic nature and going against the League of Nations and Treaty of Versailles. World War I left Germany a mess, both economically and politically. The Weimar Republic was set in place, and the War Guilt Clause which stated that â€Å"Germany accepts the responsibility of Germany and her allies for causing all the loss and damage to the Allied and Associated Governments † (Document #1). Aside from having to accept the charges from all of the damage done in the war, â€Å"The provinces of Posen and almost the whole of West Prussia are to be separated from the German Empire † (Document #2). Much like the economy of Italy, Germany’s economy was in a slump, with a 26% unemployment rate. This terrible economy along with the increased number of Germans disliking the Weimar Republic allowed Adolf Hitler, a failed artist, to rise up. Hitler’s political system of National Socialism, or Nazism, promised the German people a way out of their economic hardships and to make Germany rise as a world power once again. Hitler became the Chancellor of Germany in 1933 by democratic means. His votes, mainly by farmers, small businessmen, civil servants and young people made Nazi party the most popular in the country. When President Paul von Hindenburg invited Hitler to form a government, Hitler persuaded von Hindenburg that Germany was on the verge of a Communist revolution, so the emergency laws would have to be in place. Once the emergency laws, which allowed a dictatorship, were established, the Nazi party was able to gain full power in Germany. Much like the Fascist Italy, this form of radical ideology was a major contributor, to World War II, along with the crimes against the League of Nations. Germany’s invasion of territories lost during World War I and Italy’s invasion of Ethiopia in 1935 against the League of Nations contributed to the cause of World War II. One of the first actions taken by Hitler was to regain all of the territories that were taken away as a result of the Treaty of Versailles, which was directly against what the Treaty of Versailles said. The British found out about Hitler â€Å"reoccupying the Rhineland† (Document #9),a direct violation against the League of Nations. Woodrow Wilson, the President of the United States in 1918, proposed the idea of an international peace-keeping organization in his 14 Points speech. Germany was allowed to join the League of Nations through the Treaty of Locarno in 1925, in hopes that this organization would be able to help prevent any future world wars. Another violation of the League of Nations was Italy’s invasion of Ethiopia in 1935. In World War I, Italy started out fighting on the side of the Germans and the Austrians and switched sides halfway through the war. The invasion of Ethiopia was a direct violation of Article X of the League of Nations, because not only was Ethiopia a member of the League of Nations, but the invasion resulted in the Italo-Ethiopian War, which started in October of 1935, right after Mussolini’s invasion of Ethiopia. The Italians violated the rules of the League of Nations, but Germany also violated the Treaty of Versailles. Due to Germany taking back the colonies lost after World War I and forming an alliance with Austria, Germany’s actions against the Treaty of Versailles contributed to the cause of World War II. After Germany got slapped with a $33 Billion dollar war reparation bill and Kaiser Wilhelm was removed from power, Germany was a mess, which allowed the rise of Hitler. Hitler, being a former Iron Cross winning â€Å"Gefreiter†, or Private First Class in World War I, believed that Germany was forced into signing the Treaty of Versailles. The bitterness he held facing the Treaty of Versailles continued on throughout his leadership, which is why some of the first places that he attacked were those that had been lost during World War I, such as the Rhinelands, which â€Å"was a complete reoccupation, not merely an attempt at remilitarization, but actual and complete remilitarization †(Document #10). Another restriction that was placed on Germany by the Treaty of Versailles was the prevention of an alliance with Austria. After World War I, Austria-Hungary was dissolved into Czechoslovakia, Austria, Hungary, and parts of it into Italy and Poland. The Treaty of Versailles was created by the Big 4- David Lloyd George of England, George Clemenceau of France, Woodrow Wilson of the United States and Vittorio Orlando of Italy, although Orlando was frequently on the sidelines. Even the British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain says that â€Å"His Majesty’s Government were not within their rights in interesting themselves in the independence of Austria †(Document #11). Radical ideology throughout Europe in the 1920’s and 30’s was a major player in World War II, but bad economic conditions helped to cause the bloodiest war in history. The high unemployment rate and high inflation contributed to the cause of World War II. When the Weimar Republic was installed in Germany in 1919, Germany along with the rest of the world was producing goods at a war-like rate. When a country produces goods like this for so long, â€Å"the vast expenditures of the war, the inflation of prices and the depreciation of currency, †(Document #3) cause a country to go into a depression. When the Weimar Republic was ending it’s 14 year stand to Hitler and Nazism, the unemployment rate was 26%. This was reflected in the proletariats, or the non-working class in this case because â€Å"Whole families had piled all their goods into baby carriages and wheelbarrows that they were pushing along as they plodded forward in a dumb despair. †(Document #8). Even the Great Depression in the United States in 1929 only got to 25% unemployed. The Depression in the United States caused problems in Germany, with a decline in industrial production of over 30%, and in 1933, the percentage of workers that were unemployed in 1933 hit 36. 2%, or 9 out of every 25 people was unemployed. Between January of 1933 and January of 1939, the total number of people unemployed went from 6 million to 302,000, or a 5, 698,000 person difference. This number kept on decreasing, but it is not the pure cause of the Nazism government. Between women not being needed in the working force after World War I, Jews losing their citizenship in 1935 and the young men that were needed for World War II in 1939, there were less people involved in the work force to begin with. Between German housewives using Reichmarks to burn instead of wood and â€Å"an almost unbroken chain of homeless men extends the whole length of the great Hamburg-Berlin highway (Document #8), paying for the damages Germany had caused was not on the top of their list. The $33 billion dollar war reparation Germany had to pay in response to World War I was a major contributor to World War II. One of the main problems that Germany encountered was a $33 billion dollar war reparation that was a part of the Treaty of Versail les. However, since Germany had just lost a major world war, Germany did not have the means to pay back Britain and France right away. In fact, Germany wouldn’t finish paying back the debts until October of 2010. Germany’s economy was already down the drain which could already lead to a â€Å"rapid depression of the standard of life of the European populations to a point which will mean actual starvation for some †(Document #3). Britain and France were dependent on Germany to pay back the $33 billion to help kick start their own economies. The British and the French were paying the United States who were funneling to Germany, so when Germany was not able to pay up, it lead to a worldwide economic crisis, not just German. The Germans already agreed to â€Å"make compensation for all damage done to the civilian population of the Allied and Associated Powers and to their property †(Document #1). Aside from the support from the United States, Russia, with it’s New Economic Policy installed by Joseph Stalin, or Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili, was also able to loan money to Germany. Germany was also spending close to $30 billion dollars every year, which certainly does not help the economy. he Reichmark losing worth by the hour was not the sole cause of World War II, the colorful signs of propaganda and the emphasis on nationalism contributed as well. The pull of propaganda and the fear to not be nationalistic contributed to the cause of World War II. Nationalism and pride for one’s country is present in every country: waving the flag, singing the national anthem, etc. However, once your status in the government is being decided by your dedication to your country and citizens are be ing taught that â€Å"all individuals or groups are relative, only to be conceived of in their relation to the State (Document #7), pride for your country becomes an understatement. In Germany, colorful signs coated the streets of Berlin varying from the bomb shelters of England with Churchill scratching off the cities that had been bombed to a giant monster with a sword in it’s tongue, representing the Japanese attacking Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. These signs promoting war had a great effect on children, who were writing about how â€Å"war gives them the opportunity to develop their talents. Without war the world would have fewer great men †(Document #6). Hitler Youth was created to appeal to the German children. It was considered useless to stay at home and do nothing because â€Å"it is sweet to die for the Fatherland. The dead of the enemy live in the memory of the victor. †(Document #6). Certainly flashy posters and appealing to children wasn’t the only reason why World War II happened, but creating the ideal German race certainly did help. Germany’s blaming of the non-Aryans to use as a scapegoat from the problems of World War I contributed to the cause of World War II. The Aryans are by definition, not a race. They are just a person that spoke and Indo-European language. However, Hitler believed that there was and ideal German race, and â€Å"what we see before us of human culture today, the results of art, science, and techniques, is almost exclusively the creative product of the Aryan †(Document #4). This ideal race, which Hitler himself did not even fit, had blonde hair and blue eyes. Hitler never wanted to father a child because he felt that he was not able to produce one of the ideal race because his nose was too â€Å"Jewish† looking. Hitler believed that a Jew was the complete opposite to the Aryan. The only way that would be able to stop these non-Aryans from destroying the culture was to eliminate them so â€Å"never again can its consequences be removed from the body and the mind. †(Document #4). During the Holocaust, or the Nazi’s systematic genocide of the non-Aryan people (Jews, Communist, homosexuals, Gypsies, etc. ), Hitler eliminated close to 2/3 of Europe’s Jewish population, almost 6 million, and in total the number of Holocaust victims was between 11 and 17 million people. With the total death count of 56, 125,262, and the estimated number of people serving racking in at 1. 9 billion people, World War II was the bloodiest war the world has ever seen. The consequences of World War I caused World War II because of radical ideology, bad economic conditions, and nationalism to the point of extremity. Hitler is now buried under a garbage dump in what used to be East Germany, and as far as history knows, we’ve done a pretty good job preventing World War III so far. â€Å"A people free to choose will always choose peace. †- President Ronald Regean